Lupus is an autoimmune disease where the body’s immune system attacks healthy tissues, leading to inflammation, pain, and damage to various organs. When most people think of lupus, they picture systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the most common form. However, there’s another form called drug-induced lupus (DIL), which is triggered by certain medications. The symptoms of drug-induced lupus closely mimic those of systemic lupus, but there are some key differences.
What is Drug-Induced Lupus?
Drug-induced lupus (DIL) is a condition that develops after prolonged use of certain medications. Unlike SLE, which occurs naturally, DIL is caused specifically by medications that alter immune system function. The exact mechanism isn’t fully understood, but it is believed that these drugs may affect the way the body recognizes its own cells, leading to an immune response that results in lupus-like symptoms.
Which Medications Can Cause This?
A variety of drugs are associated with drug-induced lupus. Some of the most common culprits include:
- Hydralazine: Often prescribed for high blood pressure
- Procainamide: Used to treat heart rhythm disorders
- Isoniazid: A medication for tuberculosis
- Quinidine: Another drug used to treat irregular heartbeats
- Anti-TNF inhibitors: Used in rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn’s disease to reduce inflammation
While these medications are linked to drug-induced lupus, not everyone who takes them will develop the condition. The risk factors include long-term use and the patient’s genetic susceptibility.
Symptoms
The symptoms of DIL are similar to systemic lupus and may include:
- Joint pain and swelling
- Muscle pain
- Fatigue
- Fever
- Inflammation around the heart or lungs (pericarditis and pleuritis)
One distinguishing feature of DIL is that it tends to be less severe than SLE, particularly with regard to kidney and central nervous system involvement. Also, it usually appears after months or even years of taking the offending medication.
How is it Diagnosed?
If a person taking one of the medications associated with DIL starts experiencing lupus-like symptoms, a doctor may suspect drug-induced lupus. Blood tests can help in diagnosing the condition by looking for specific antibodies, such as anti-histone antibodies, which are commonly present in cases of DIL. Once diagnosed, stopping the medication often leads to an improvement in symptoms.
Can Drug-Induced Lupus Be Reversed?
The good news is that it is typically reversible. In most cases, once the medication causing the lupus-like symptoms is discontinued, symptoms start to subside, often within a few weeks to months. However, treatment may be required to manage the symptoms in the meantime. This can include anti-inflammatory drugs like NSAIDs or corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and pain.
Schedule an Appointment Today
Yes, medications can induce lupus, but this form of lupus is generally less severe than systemic lupus and is reversible. Drug-induced lupus occurs as a side effect of certain medications, particularly after long-term use.
If you have concerns or questions, schedule an appointment with an expert rheumatologist today at Advanced Rheumatology of Houston. We’ll provide you with a formal diagnosis, treatment plan, and tips for managing your symptoms. Book your appointment here.
