What Is Scleroderma and What Are the Treatment Options?

Unless you are living with scleroderma or know someone who has it, you have likely never heard of this rare disease. There are only 300,000 cases in the United States. 

Scleroderma is generally classified as an autoimmune rheumatic disease affecting connective tissue. The word comes from two Greek words, “sclero”(hard) and “derma”(skin). One of the main characteristics of the condition is the skin becoming thick and hard.

There are Two Main Types of Scleroderma

Women are three times more likely than men to get scleroderma. While it can occur at any age, the onset usually occurs between 25 and 55. Approximately 200,000 of scleroderma cases are localized. This type affects only certain parts of the body, usually the skin, and is more common in children.

Systemic scleroderma is also known as systemic sclerosis and is more common in adults. In addition to the skin, it also affects the blood vessels and internal organs.

What Causes Scleroderma?

Researchers don’t know the exact cause of scleroderma. However, they believe it is a combination of factors, such as:

Genetic

Scleroderma isn’t directly inherited, but certain genetic tendencies can increase the likelihood of developing the disease. 

Immune System

An autoimmune disease is one in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissues. In scleroderma, the immune response leads to the overproduction of collagen, a protein that provides structure to the skin and other tissues. The excess collagen causes the skin to harden and thicken and may affect internal organs.

Environmental

Exposure to certain chemicals, such as silica dust, organic solvents, and viral infections, may trigger scleroderma in genetically susceptible people. However, these triggers can vary from person to person.

Hormones

The exact relationship between hormones and scleroderma is still being studied. But as the disease is more common in women than in men, it suggests that hormonal factors may play a role in its development.

doctor discussing scleroderma

 

What are the Symptoms of Scleroderma?

Scleroderma symptoms can vary widely depending on the type and severity of the disease, as well as which parts of the body are affected. In addition to the hardening and thickening of the skin previously mentioned. here are some common symptoms associated with the condition:

  • A shiny appearance to the skin from being pulled taut
  • Raynaud’s phenomenon, which is a condition that causes the fingers and toes to become pale and numb when exposed to cold temperatures
  • Joint pain and stiffness

In addition to the previous symptoms, systemic scleroderma can present the following:

  • Bumps under your skin caused by calcium deposits
  • Heartburn, acid reflux, and difficulty swallowing if the esophagus is affected
  • Shortness of breath
  • Irregular heartbeat and heart failure
  • High blood pressure
  • Chronic fatigue

How is Scleroderma Treated?

Scleroderma is a chronic disease, meaning there is no cure. However, there are ways to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Medications

  1. Immunosuppressants can help suppress the immune system and reduce inflammation. 
  2. Calcium channel blockers can improve blood flow and help manage Reynaud’s phenomenon.
  3. Corticosteroids may be used to manage inflammation and pain.
  4. Proton pump inhibitors can reduce stomach acid production, which causes acid reflux and heartburn.

Lifestyle Changes

  1. Regular exercise can help maintain joint flexibility and muscle strength.
  2. Using moisturizers, such as shea butter or bag balm, can help keep the skin soft and prevent cracking.
  3. Wear gloves and warm clothing to manage Reynaud’s phenomenon.
  4. Eat smaller, more frequent meals and avoid foods that trigger heartburn or inflammation.

Discover Treatment Options at Advance Rheumatology of Houston

Led by Dr. Tamar Brionez, our team at Advanced Rheumatology of Houston is dedicated to the treatment of scleroderma and other autoimmune diseases. We know that early diagnosis is crucial to managing the condition. 

Every patient is different, and we will work with you to determine the best approach for your specific situation. From there, we will create an individualized treatment plan to manage your symptoms, slow the disease’s progression, and improve your quality of life.

Contact us to schedule an appointment by calling (281) 766-7886.